Domaine : Eucaryote
Règne : Fungi
Phylum : Basidiomycota
Sous phylum : Agaricomycotina
Classe : Agaricomycetes
Sous classe : Agaricomycetidae
Ordre : Agaricales
Famille : Inocybaceae
Genre : Inocybe
Espèce : Inocybe occulta Esteve-Rav., Bandini, B. Oertel & G. Moreno
Auteur : Claude Kaufholtz-Couture
Derniere mise à jour : May 20, 2023
Diagnose originale :
Inocybe occulta is morphologically rather close to I. ceskae, differing in the more intense yellow-orangish to orange-brown pileus colour and the slightly longer cystidia in average. Inocybe occulta is sister to I. nothomixtilis in our ITS-RPB2 analyses, but it differs primarily from the latter in having more isodiametric spores with lower knobs. Inocybe ceskae and I. mixtilis, both with spores of similar shape (Qm = 1.3–1.4) to I. occulta, cluster in a different clade and are phylogenetically distinct from I. occulta (Fig. 1). 230 Persoonia – Volume 41, 2018. Basidiomes usually gregarious, rarely solitary. Pileus (12–)15– 30(–45) mm diam, shape initially campanulate or obtusely conicalto hemispherical, then convex applanate whed, often with a low and broad umbo, but occasionally not or hardly umbonate; margin straight to slightly deflexed, sometimes wavy in expanded specimens, not striate, only slightly appendiculate by fugacious velar remnants when present; colour variable, often yellow to orange, dull to more or less bright, e.g., beige, yellowish ochre, buff yellow to golden yellow, orange-yellow to orange-brown (Mu 10YR 8/4–8/8, 7/6–7/8, 7.5YR 7/6–7/8 or 6/6–6/8), in some collections also light brown (Mu 10YR 5/6–5/8), at least towards the margin (e.g., KR-M-0046554 or KR-M-0046555), uniform or very often slightly darker at the centre or the umbo; surface radially appressed-fibrillose, smooth and glabrous, sometimes with a micaceous and/or a falsely hygrophanous appearance (e.g., KR-M-0046556), even not clearly rimose towards the margin, with lubricous aspect in wet conditions, somewhat sticky and hence often with adhering soil and humus particles; velipellis absent or scarcely developed, in this case fugacious but still observable in young specimens of some collections, especially towards the periphery and margin, forming small fibrillose patches or squamules, but mostly absent in many collections when washed by rainfall or aged. Lamellae ventricose to subventricose, 2–6 mm deep, practically free or hardly adnexed, often crowded, sometimes moderately crowded, L = 45–55, l = 1–2; colour initially whitish to beige or greyish, often showing a lilac to violet reflection (‘Psathyrella-like’), when old becoming ochraceous to brownish grey and finally yellow-brown to orange-brown; edge finely fimbriate to crenulate, whitish or paler than the sides. Stipe 20–50(–55) × (2–)3–6(–8) mm, solid, fibrose; shape cylindrical to tapering upwards, base distinctly marginately bulbous, often agglutinating soil or humus debris; bulb 7–10(–12) mm broad, edge often clear-cut and even volviform, but velar rests absent or ephemeral in young stages; colour white or dirty white when young, often turning to ochraceous, ochraceous yellow or even bright yellow in some collections (e.g., AH 36148), or fawn with age (Mu 2.5Y 8/1–8/4), never browning nor blackening; surface evenly and densely pruinose all over, up to the bulb. Cortina not seen, even in young primordia. Context fibrose, firm, whitish, concolorous towards the cortex in pileus and stipe, hardly becoming yellowish with age or when drying; smell generally faint in fresh specimens, often indistinct, in some collections more or less spermatic when cut, exceptionally aromatical or even honey-like (AH 36443); taste not recorded. Colour of exsiccata: pileus brownish to orange brown (Mu 7.5YR 6/6–6/8, 5/6–5/8) to brown (7.5YR 4/6); stipe dirty whitish to ochraceous brown, paler than pileus (10YR 7/3–7/4 or 6/4–6/6), not darkening; lamellae deep brown orange. Basidiospores (7.2–)7.5–10(–10.5) × (5.2–)5.3–7.5 µm, Q = (1.1–)1.15–1.57(–1.63), Lm = 8–9.6, Wm = 5.9–7, Qm = 1.3–1.5 [n = 100, from 4 collections], variable in shape (even within a specimen), from heterodiametrical to shortly heterodiametrical and less frequently subisodiametrical; spore ornamentation somewhat variable, mostly presenting 8–13 conical obtuse knobs, (0.9–)1.1–1.4(–1.7) µm high, 1.2–1.6 µm broad at base (but in KR-M-0043312 many spores show low knobs or even a polyhedrical angulose outline, ‘sub-entolomatoid’); apicula distinct; without germ pore and sometimes with a central oil guttule. Basidia 22–28(–30) × 8–10 µm, clavate, 4-spored, with sterigmata 3–5 µm long. Pleurocystidia abundant, metuloid, (37–)39–51.5–64(–67) × (11.2–)11.5–17–22(–24) µm, Q = 2–3–4.1 [n = 40]; of variable shape among collections, normally ventricose fusiform to subutriform, occasionally ventricose sublageniform with obtuse apex and short neck, but also not distinctly ventricose in some collections; base normally not pedicellate, tapering into an obtuse base, seldom truncate; rather crystalliferous at apex in most collections; walls (1–)1.5–2.5 µm, often thickened towards the apex up to 3–4 µm, not coalescing at the neck, pale yellow in ammonia; content hyaline or pale yellowish, not showing dark pigments. Lamellar edge homogeneous and sterile, composed of numerous cheilocystidia and rather abundant small clavate to subovoid paracystidia, 7–12 µm broad. Cheilocystidia abundant, similar in shape and size to pleurocystidia, 33–47–61(–65) × 11.5–17.5–23 µm [n = 40], with similar thick walls, rather crystalliferous at apex, hyaline or showing a pale yellowish content. Hymenophoral trama subregular, consisting of more or less parallel to interwoven hyphae, 3–12 µm wide, subcylindrical to subfusiform, hyaline. Subhymenium poorly developed, consisting of 2–3 layers of small branched to subisodiametric or irregular cells, 3.5–5 µm diam, hyaline. Pileipellis consisting of an epicutis of slightly gelified parallel hyphae, 3.5–15 µm wide, with incrusting and intracellular yellowish pigment; hyphae somewhat paler to almost hyaline in deeper layers (subcutis), up to 20(–25) µm wide. Stipitipellis consisting of a cutis of subcylindrical hyphae, often constricted at septa, bearing numerous bundles of caulocystidia similar to hymenial cystidia, (27–)30–48.5–66.5(–69) × (11–)11.5–17–22.5 µm [n = 40], crystalliferous at apex, intermixed with abundant hyaline, ovoid to subclavate paracystidia (× 8.5–18 µm), similar to those of lamellar edge; these elements constitute the dense and abundant pruina covering the whole stipe. Clamp connections present in all tissues. Habitat & Distribution — Inocybe occulta occurs in a broad range of habitats and is distributed from cold boreal areas to warm Mediterranean regions of the Northern Hemisphere. Many collections were made in boreal to subboreal taiga forests in Europe (mixed forests including Picea, Larix, Betula, Pinus, etc.), but also in warmer and temperate habitats in central and southern Europe in association with conifers (Picea, Larix, Pinus) or broad-leaved trees like Fagaceae (Fagus sylvatica, Quercus robur, etc.). Inocybe occulta also occurs in more xeric Mediterranean habitats, in association with Pinaceae (Pinus pinaster, P. pinea, etc.), Fagaceae (evergreen oaks like Quercus ilex, Q. suber, etc.) and also Cistaceae (Cistus spp.). Interestingly, I. occulta is also present at the alpine stage in the Pyrenees, in Dryas octopetala and dwarf Salix communities on slightly calcareous soils. These data suggest that, unlike I. ceskae and I. mixtilis, I. occulta has probably a more extensive distribution and broader range of hosts. The known distribution of I. occulta in North America overlaps that of I. ceskae, being known in subtemperate coastal Pseudotsuga forests from the Northern Pacific (British Columbia, Canada) to Oregon (USA), here in young P. menziesii forests (Smith et al. 2002). According to sequences available in GenBank, I. occulta is found in Mexico (Morelos, Volcán El Pelado), presumably in native Pinus forests (KC152132) and also in Australia (Canberra), introduced with Pinus (KP308781). Inocybe occulta does not show specific soil pH requirements. Many of the collections from montane areas in northern and continental Europe were gathered in calcareous soils, but it also occurs in decalcified, neutral to slightly acid soils with sandy texture in Mediterranean areas, (e.g., in evergreen-oak or Mediterranean pine forests, like Pinus pinea in Italy, ref. GenBank JF908141, Bizio pers. comm.), often with presence of Cistus bushes.
Pileus : 15 x 28 mm Ø, convexe, ombo à faiblement mamelonné, fibrilleux, jaune à jaune pâle, ± orangé au centre
Lames : adnées, larges, serrées, avec lamelles et lamellules, brun pâle à grisâtres
Stipe : 26-43 x 2-3 mm Ø, cylindriques, égal, parfois ± tortueux, blanchâtre, plein, à la base bulbeuse et marginée
Chair : immuable
Exhalaison : fongique
Saveur : fongique
Syndrome : muscarinien ou sudorien La toxine responsable est la muscarine.
Symptômes :
Apparition rapide entre 30 minutes et 6 heures après l'ingestion, mais qui n'entrainent pas la mort.
Sudation très importante, hypersécrétion salivaire, nausées, vomissements, diarrhées
Sporée : brun à brun foncé
Biotopes : pousse au sol, sol sableux, calcaire, en bordure d'un sentier, sous feuillus et conifères
Articles :
Publications :
Publications microscopiques :
Commentaires :
De Claude Kaufholtz-Couture. « Collection (cKc0727) cueillie chez Cajo. »
Séquences :
GTGACCTGCG GAGGATCATT ATAGAATAAA ATTGAACGGG CTGTTGCTCT CCTTGTGGTG GTGCACGCCT
GTCATATTTA TCTCTCCCAC TGTGCACATT TTGTAGACCT GGTGTTTGGG AATTGCTGTA GTCAGCTTTG
CCCTTTGCCC TTGCCAGTCT ATGTTATTTT ATCACAACCT CTGAATGTTT TGAACTTTTT ATGATGGAAA
TTATATACAA CTTTCAGCAA CGGATCTCTT GGCTCTCGCA TCGATGAAGA ACGCAGCGAA ATGCGATAAG
TAATGTGAAT TGCAGAATTC AGTGAATCAT CGAATCTTTG AACGCATCTT GCGCTTCTTG GTATTCCAAG
GAGCATGCCT GTTTGAGTGT CATTAAAGTT CTCAAAACCC ACATGCTTGT CATGTGGAAT TTTGGATATG
GAGGTTTGCA GGCTTTTTAA AGTCGGCTCC TCTGAAATGT ATC
Mushroom Observer : MO330285
Mycoflora Project : MF59616 (cKc0727)
Herbier QFB :
32771 (cKc0727)
Ressources naturelles Canada, Centre de foresterie des Laurentides - Natural Resources Canada, Laurentian Forestry Centre, (Herbier René-Pomerleau) 1055 rue du P.E.P.S., C.P. 10380, Québec (QC), Canada G1V 4C7
Curateur Philippe Tanguay (philippe.tanguay@nrcan-rncan.gc.ca)
Remarques : The query coverage of some of your top results is under 50%
| Fongarium | Date de cueillette | Planche micrographique | Géolocalisation | Élévation | Déterminée | Confirmée |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| cKc0727 | 20 août 2018 | 45°59’09.04"N 70°57’10.99"O | 352 m | ADN |
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